A very simple quiz written in python with very few lines:

 from random import randint 
 
solved = 0
total_num_q = 0
 
def play(num1, num2, type, solved):
    """ The main play function"""
    def sp_type():
        type = raw_input("Specify the question type(multiplication:M, addition:A, subtraction:S, division:D):")
        if type not in ['M','A','S','D']:
            print "Please input only char M,S,A and D"
        return type
    type = ""
    while type not in ['M','A','S','D']:
        type = sp_type()
    if type == "M":
        ans = input("What's %d times %d? " % (num1, num2))
        result = num1 * num2
    if type == "A":
        ans = input("What's %d plus %d? " % (num1, num2))
        result = num1 + num2
    if type == "S":
        ans = input("What's %d minus %d? " % (num1, num2))
        result = num1 - num2
    if type == "D":
        ans = input("What's %d divided by %d? " % (num1, num2))
        result = num1/num2
 
    if ans == result:
        print "That's right -- well done.\n"
        solved = solved + 1
    else:
        print "No, I'm afraid the answer is %d.\n" % result
    return solved
 
def start_puzzle(solved, total_num_q):
    leval = ''
    play_leval = ['easy', 'intermediate', 'hard']
    while leval not in play_leval:
        leval = raw_input("Which leval you wanted to be in(easy, intermediate, hard): ")
        if leval not in play_leval:
            print "Please enter correct leval name.."
    num_q = input("Please give us the number of question you want to attempt: ")
    try:
        if int(num_q):
            pass
    except:
        print "Please enter only integet value"
    total_num_q = total_num_q + num_q 
    for number_q in range(num_q):
        if leval == 'easy':
            num1 = randint(1, 10)
            num2 = randint(1, 10)
            solved = play(num1, num2, type, solved)
        elif leval == 'intermediate':
            num1 = randint(1, 20)
            num2 = randint(1, 20)
            solved = play(num1, num2, type, solved)
        elif leval == 'hard':
            num1 = randint(1, 30)
            num2 = randint(1, 30)
            solved = play(num1, num2, type, solved)
    return (solved, total_num_q)
 
inp = "yes"
while inp != 'no':
    solved,total_num_q = start_puzzle(solved,total_num_q)
    inp = raw_input("want to start puzzle(yes/no):")    
    
 
print "\nOut of %s questions asked.  You got %d of them right." % (total_num_q,solved)
print "Well done!"
 
 

I was designing a web application where i need a simple button to run a bunch of python code resides in Unix system and to show log messages of running scripts to my web application. This can be done in many ways, but i wanted to stick on python and its supported modules.
So, last few days i spent time on learning pyjamas and to configure pyjamas with jsonrpc and mod-python. That really kept me interested as it was totally new to me and lerning pyjamas (i was thinking ot it since a year!!!) is great to me.
I have gone through all sites, tutorials and everything but didn't get any good way to do it on single page and i am sure its really difficult for new programmer to do the same(examples are just to know this can be done but not well explained).

So, i am just writing down things i did to configure pyjamas, jsonrpc and mod python.
The first thing to do is, install jsonrpc, simplejson, mod_python(configured with apache) and pyjamas.

First i design frontend of my application using pyjamas.
1. create a folder VLayouts, then paste following code to VLayouts.py

        import pyjd # this is dummy in pyjs
        from pyjamas.ui.RootPanel import RootPanel
        from pyjamas.ui.SimplePanel import SimplePanel
        from pyjamas.ui.Image import Image
        from pyjamas.ui.Label import Label
        from pyjamas.ui import HasAlignment
        from pyjamas.ui.Button import Button
        from pyjamas.ui.CheckBox import CheckBox
        from pyjamas.ui.VerticalPanel import VerticalPanel
        from pyjamas.ui.HorizontalPanel import HorizontalPanel
        from pyjamas.ui.HTML import HTML
        from pyjamas.ui.DockPanel import DockPanel
        from pyjamas.ui import HasAlignment
        from pyjamas.ui.FlowPanel import FlowPanel
        from pyjamas.ui.HTMLPanel import HTMLPanel
        from pyjamas.ui.ScrollPanel import ScrollPanel
        from pyjamas.ui.DisclosurePanel import DisclosurePanel
        from pyjamas import DOM, Window
        from pyjamas.ui.TextBox import TextBox
        from pyjamas.ui.PasswordTextBox import PasswordTextBox
 
        from FileOpenDlg import FileOpenDlg
        import Utils
        from pyjamas.JSONService import JSONProxy
 
 
        class VLayoutsJSONProxy(JSONProxy):
            def __init__(self):
            ## services/vlayouts.py counts from output folder
            JSONProxy.__init__(self, "services/vlayouts.py", ["callMethod","test"])
            #JSONProxy.__init__(self, "./services/vlayouts.py", ["callMethod","test"])
 
        class VLayoutsService:
            def __init__(self, callback):
            self.callback = callback
            self.proxy = VLayoutsJSONProxy()
 
            def test(self):
            self.proxy.test(self)
 
            def callMethod(self,cmd):
            Window.alert("inside VLayoutsService: callMethod")
            self.callback.showStatus("Calling Method!!!")
            a = self.proxy.callMethod("ls -lth", self)
            self.callback.showStatus(a)
 
            def onRemoteResponse(self, response, request_info):        
            Window.alert("inside VLayoutsService: onRemoteResponse")
            Window.alert(dir(request_info))
            Window.alert(request_info.method)
            Window.alert(request_info.handler)
            Window.alert(response)
            if request_info.method == "callMethod":
                self.callback.showStatus("Called method %s" % request_info.method)
            else:
                self.callback.showStatus(""" REQ METHOD = %s RESP %s """ % (request_info.method,response)) 
 
            def onRemoteError(self, code, errobj, request_info):
            Window.alert("inside VLayoutsService: onRemoteError")
            Window.alert(request_info)
            message = errobj['message']
            Window.alert(message)
            if code != 0:
                self.callback.showStatus("HTTP error %d: %s" % (code, message))
            else:
                json_code = errobj['code']
                self.callback.showStatus("JSONRPC Error %s: %s" % (json_code, message))
 
        class VLayouts(SimplePanel):
            def __init__(self):
            SimplePanel.__init__(self)
            self.VLayoutsService = VLayoutsService(self)
 
            def onModuleLoad(self):
            text="Vivek Sharma"
            self.status = Label()
            contents = HTML(text)
            scroller = ScrollPanel(contents, StyleName="ks-layouts-Scroller")
            panel = DockPanel(BorderWidth=4, Padding=20,Width="100%",Height="100%",
                          HorizontalAlignment=HasAlignment.ALIGN_CENTER,
                          VerticalAlignment=HasAlignment.ALIGN_MIDDLE)
 
            north = Image("./myImage.jpeg",Width="800px", Height="100px",)
            north.addClickListener(getattr(self, "onImageClicked"))
 
            #north  = Label("Image should be placed here")
            west = Button("RUN FUNCTION", self.onButtonClick)
            fileLocation = "logfile.log.txt"
            center = FileOpenDlg(fileLocation = fileLocation)
            ##center = Button("SHOW LOG", self.openLogFile)
            #east   = Label("East")
            #south  = Label("South")
 
            panel.add(north,  DockPanel.NORTH)
            panel.add(west,   DockPanel.WEST)
            panel.add(center, DockPanel.CENTER)
            #panel.add(east,   DockPanel.EAST)
            #panel.add(south,  DockPanel.SOUTH)
            panel.setCellHeight(north, "100px")
            panel.setCellHeight(center, "400px")
            panel.setCellWidth(center, "800px")
            panel.setCellWidth(west, "200px")
 
            panel.setCellVerticalAlignment(west, '100px')#HasAlignment.ALIGN_TOP)
 
            self.add(panel)
            #Window.alert("Hello, AJAX!")
            panel2 = VerticalPanel()
            panel2.add(self.status)
 
            RootPanel().add(panel2)
            RootPanel().add(panel)
 
            def showStatus(self, msg):
            self.status.setText(msg)
 
            def onButtonClick(self,sender):
            Window.alert("onButtonClick function called")
            self.VLayoutsService.callMethod("ls -lth")
 
            def openLogFile(sender):
            fileLocation = "logfile.log.txt"
            dlg = FileOpenDlg(fileLocation = fileLocation)
            dlg.show()
 
            def onShow(self):
            pass
 
            def onImageClicked(self):
            Window.alert("Vivek Sharma!!!")
 
            def makeLabel(self, caption):
            html = HTML(caption)
            html.setStyleName("ks-layouts-Label")
            return html
 
 
        if __name__ == '__main__':
            pyjd.setup("./VLayouts.html")
            app = VLayouts()
            app.onModuleLoad()
            pyjd.run()
 

configuration i did in /opt/vivek/apache/conf/httpd.conf

        <Directory "/opt/vivek/apache/cgi-bin">
            AddHandler default-handler .jpeg .png .css .html .py .js .txt
            PythonHandler jsonrpc
            AllowOverride All
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
        </Directory>

Now, create .htaccess in /opt/vivek/apache/cgi-bin/VLayouts/public/services folder with content
        Options FollowSymLinks
        PythonPath "['/opt/vivek/apache/cgi-bin/VLayouts/output/services']+sys.path"
        AddHandler mod_python .py
        PythonHandler vlayouts
        PythonDebug On

and check the changes in /opt/vivek/apache/cgi-bin/VLayouts/output/services/.htaccess , or directly create .htaccess here only with above content

create vlayouts.py in /opt/vivek/apache/cgi-bin/VLayouts/public/services folder with following content

 
        #! /usr/bin/env python
 
        import logging
        logging.basicConfig(filename="/home/vivek/Desktop/contactjson.log", level=logging.DEBUG)
        logging.debug("OLDLoading contact service")
 
        from test import AB
 
 
        class Service:
            def callMethod(self, msg):
            return "msg"
 
 
        if __name__ == '__main__':
            # this is if JSONService.py is run as a CGI
            from jsonrpc.cgihandler import handleCGIRequest
            handleCGIRequest(Service())
        else:
            # this is if JSONService.py is run from mod_python:
            # rename .htaccess.mod_python to .htaccess to activate,
            # and restart Apache2
            from jsonrpc.apacheServiceHandler import handler
 

run as /home/vivek/Desktop/TGZS/pyjamas-0.7/bin/pyjsbuild VLayouts.py

 

Recently i was running a script which uses "/tmp" heavily for all file processing and rolling-up. So at each interval of time i need to know space available to my disc. Looks very simple to run "df -h" every time on console, but i was curious to write python script for this and the result is:

    import os
    import sys
    from time import sleep
    cmd = 'df -h'
    print "Press ctrl-C to exit..\n"
    try:
        while 1:
        print os.system(cmd)
        print '\n'
        sleep(100)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print "Good Bye"
 
 

Comments in your code are always good for new person to understand the logic and flow of program. I guess, people likes programming more, if they comment properly, same way as i do. Proper commenting will not allow you to read code line by line. The best way to comment is to comment in such a way, you can extract it easily. I do comments in my python code using '##' which makes me easy to extract them from script. Following code extracts my comment:

import os
import sys
## python extract_comment.py filename comment_delimeter
filename = sys.argv[1]
sepr = sys.argv[2]
fl = open(filename,'r')
fl_con = fl.readlines()
for row in fl_con:
    if sepr in row:
        ind = row.find(sepr)
        print row[ind:]
 
fl.close()

copy the code in file extract_comment.py, filename is the python script from where you need to extract comments and comment_delimeter is '##' in my case.

Recently, I was hanging arround flex codes which calls python script resides on other server through web services. I got confused, Is it a good idea to use web service just to call python script from other server? Why not to use cgi module or mod-python to get the same result as getting through web services?

So i decided to write a simple web server which has some methods to be called as a URL. Got excellent help from
http://fragments.turtlemeat.com/pythonwebserver.php
then, i added some code.

 
import string,cgi,time
from os import curdir, sep
from BaseHTTPServer import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
 
class VivekServer(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
 
    def do_GET(self):
        try:
        if self.path == '/fetch':
                self.send_response(200)
                self.send_header('Content-type',        'text/html')
                self.end_headers()
                res = self.wcount()
                self.wfile.write("Number of count for 'anyword' :")
                self.wfile.write(res[0])
                self.wfile.write(" url is :")
                self.wfile.write(res[1])
                return
        if self.path == '/calculate':            
                self.send_response(200)
                self.send_header('Content-type',        'text/html')
                self.end_headers()
                res = self.calculate()
                for each in res:
                    self.wfile.write(each)
                    self.wfile.write('\n')
                    return
 
                return
                
        except IOError:
            self.send_error(404,'File Not Found: %s' % self.path)
     
    def calculate(self):
         import random
         WORD = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
         data = []
         for i in range(1, 100):
             data.append((random.randrange(0, 1000), random.sample(WORD, len(WORD))[0]))
         return data
 
    def do_POST(self):
        pass
 
    def wcount(self):
         from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup as soup
         import urllib2
 
         htm  = 'http://www.anyurl.com'
         html_text = urllib2.urlopen( htm ) .read()
         sp = soup(html_text)
         idea = sp.findAll( "anyword" )    
         all_a = [ each.get('href') for each in sp.findAll('a') ]
         num = 0
         for each in all_a:
             if each.find("anyword") > 0:
                 num=num+1
         return (idea,num,htm)
 
def main():
    try:
        server = HTTPServer(('', 7999), VivekServer)
        print 'Server Started.....'
        server.serve_forever()
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print 'Server Ends.....'
        server.socket.close()
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
 
 
 

This is just a help to start a simple web server and call your method through url.

To run above code, just do, python abovecode.py

open web browser, type url as
http://localhost:7999/fetch
http://localhost:7999/calculate 

Today, while working with csv files i got into fantastic situation where i have a list of million values and i make iteration on that. So i thought, it would be easy for me if i split list into number of pieces which dont affect my code, memory and CPU. I can also use generator expression to make make my code run faster, but i was very curious to write code to split list into number of pieces(uses little of generator exp).
And the result is here -

    import os,sys
 
    def split_seq(seq, num_pieces):
        """ split a list into pieces passed as param """
        start = 0
        for i in xrange(num_pieces):
            stop = start + len(seq[i::num_pieces])
            yield seq[start:stop]
            start = stop
 
    seq = [i for i in range(100)]   ## define your list here
    num_of_pieces = 3
    for seq in split_seq(seq, num_of_pieces):
        print len(seq), '-> ',seq

Recently i had gone through a situation like to split a 40GB csv file for further processing, into 60 pieces having name/content to be decided dynamically based on a id present in that csv file. That really make me to write some little code to open/write/close file dynamically. I wrote following code to achieve this.

import os, sys
a=range(10)
for each in a:
    s = "fl_%s = open('%s','a')" % (each,each)
    exec s
    exec "fl_%s.write('%s')" % (each,each)
    com = "fl_%s.close()" % (each)
    exec com
    # can also check if file is closed or open by
    # com = "fl_%s.closed" % (each)
    # bool(com) #return true if file is closed else false
 
 

While working with csv module of python i got very interesting thing about join.
I was reading a huge csv file line by line and for some kind of operation i converted that row to list and again that list to string. But, my row consists of some integer values so i always get
TypeError: sequence item 5: expected string, int found

So, i am writing small code to let new guys know about this.
i have a list and i want to join this.

ls=['a','b',4,'c']
','.join(ls) 
 
 

ends up with  : TypeError: sequence item 2: expected string, int found

do,

','.join(map(str,ls))
 
 

import twill
import twill.commands
t_com = twill.commands
## get the default browser
t_brw = t_com.get_browser()
## open the url
url = 'http://google.com'
t_brw.go(url)
## get all forms from that URL
all_forms = t_brw.get_all_forms()         ## this returns list of form objects
 
## now, you have to choose only that form, which is having POST method
 
for each_frm in all_forms:
    attr = each_frm.attrs             ## all attributes of form
    if each_frm.method == 'POST':
        ctrl = each_frm.controls    ## return all control objects within that form (all html tags as control inside form)
        for ct in ctrl:
                if ct.type == 'text':     ## i did it as per my use, you can put your condition here
                        ct._value = "twill"
                        t_brw.clicked(each_frm,ct.attrs['name'])            ## clicked takes two parameter, form object and button name to be clicked.
                        t_brw.submit()
 
## you might write the output (submitted page) to any file using content = t_brw.get_html()
## dont forget to reset the browser and putputs.
t_com.reset_browser
t_com.reset_output

What will you do if you are creating dictionary structure dynamically, and it got millions of keys?
Accessing that dictionary later in your code might get some resource. can't it?
I also hanged on this kind of situation and my dictionay got 10K millions key. So i used dictionary as generator to make my work easy.
Folloing code just explain how to use dictionary as generator.

a=range(100000)

b=range(100000)

c=dict(zip(a,b)) #create dictionary with 100000 keys

d_len=len(c)

d_keys = (k for k in c.keys())   # generator expression

for i in range(d_len):

   key = d_keys.next()

       .

    .

    .

   ## do your operation on keys

I am not good at core java programming, but good at "Hello World" kind of program :) .
SO i wrote a Java program to call python script(can also pass arg values). Take a look.

This is Java code

 


    import java.io.*;



    // run this way

    // javac JavaRunCommand.java

    // java -classpath . JavaRunCommand



    public class JavaRunCommand {



        public static void main(String args[]) {



        String st = null;



        try {



            String[]callAndArgs= {\"python\",\"my_python.py\",\"arg1\",\"arg2\"};

            Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(callAndArgs);

            

            BufferedReader stdInput = new BufferedReader(new 

                 InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));



            BufferedReader stdError = new BufferedReader(new 

                 InputStreamReader(p.getErrorStream()));



            // read the output

            while ((s = stdInput.readLine()) != null) {

                System.out.println(s);

            }

            

            // read any errors

            while ((s = stdError.readLine()) != null) {

                System.out.println(s);

            }

            

            System.exit(0);

        }

        catch (IOException e) {

            System.out.println(\"exception occured\");

            e.printStackTrace();

            System.exit(-1);

        }

        }

    }

In above java code, i am calling my_python.py script. That script might contain anything-wxPython, mod-python, cgi programming, just anything.

Renaming multiple file  once is really little confusing using command-line. There are lots of way to do it via programming, but yet, i didnt fine any on-the-spot command to do it.
So i used python to do it simply.

My requirement was actually:
1) i have one dedicated folder, where i have to rename all files.
2) all filename to be renamed are structured, i mean, i have to rename all dedupe_<number>.csv to <number>.csv

I did this using following code,

 

	import os

	from os import listdir, getcwd, rename

	

	

	list_files = listdir(getcwd())

	for filename in list_files:

	    if not filename.startswith('.') and 'dedupe_' in filename:

	        ext = filename.split('.')[-1]

	        new_name = ''.join(filename.split('.')[:-1]).replace('dedupe_','')+'.'+ext

	        cmd = 'mv '+filename + ' ' +new_name

	        os.popen(cmd)
	

isn't it very very simple !!!!

If you can read this post, it means that the registration process was successful and that you can start blogging